Expression is an expression or process that arises because of the result of an action, activity, or experience. And politeness is how we communicate in showing respect to others. In this article I will discuss why expression and politeness are very important in communicating, especially when communicating with people from different regions or even countries which have different characteristics and cultures from ours.
Being polite is quite complicated in any language, difficult to notice because politeness does not only involve understanding language but also the social and cultural values of certain societies. In general, politeness involves participating in social harmony and avoiding social conflict. To be more specific, politeness in terms of linguistics or communication is something that involves a discourse or language device that is interpreted or evaluated by others as being used to maintain harmonious relationships and avoid causing problems. Adaptation sensitively to developing social relationships involved when being polite.
Politeness is clearly the most characteristic feature of human behavior. In politeness there is what is called negative politeness and positive politeness. Negative politeness means being concerned about the other person's need not to be bullied or forced, the hallmarks of negative politeness are restraint, caution and contact. Meanwhile, positive politeness relates to the human need for social inclusion and consent. Negative politeness also means minimizing immodesty from offensive speech acts, and positive politeness means maximizing politeness from speech acts. Speech functions are expressed differently in different communities. Modesty involves understanding social values which govern the way social dimensions such as status, solidarity and formality are expressed.
References:
Holmes, J. (2013). An introduction to sociolinguistics. Harlow, Eng.: Longman.
(PDF) Politeness Strategy in Everyday Communication. (2020). Retrieved 22 December 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283984132_Politeness_Strategy_in_Everyday_Communication
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